concepts.md

Haskell reference

Concepts

The Haskell concept exercises are based on concepts. The list below contains the concepts that have been identified for the Haskell language.

Language-unique

• Strictness vs. nonstrictness ('laziness')
• Type classes
  • Functor, Applicative, Monad
  • Semigroup, Monoid
  • Foldable, Traversable

Functional

• Expression-oriented (no statements at all)
• Functions
  • Functions are ordinary values
  • Anonymous functions
  • Currying
  • Function composition
  • Higher-order functions
  • Partial application
  • Pure functions
  • Recursion
    • Tail recursion
  • Type declarations & annotations
• Immutability
• Pattern matching
  • Wildcards
  • Guard clauses
• Type inference
  • Polymorphism by default

General

• Asynchronous programming
• Collections
  • Collections: combining
  • Collections: filtering (filter)
  • Collections: mapping (Functor)
  • Collections: ordering (sort)
  • Collections: reducing (Foldable. Traversable)
  • Polymorphism
  • Lists
  • Ranges (Enum + range syntax)
  • List comprehensions
• Comparison
  • Equality (Eq)
  • Ordering (Ord, Ordering)
• Concurrency
• Parallelism
• Conditionals
  • Boolean logic
  • Conditionals: if
• Conversions
  • Explicit
  • Implicit
• Enumeration
• Exceptions
• Numbers
  • Arithmetic overflow
  • Bitwise manipulation
  • Math operators
• Resources
  • Resource allocation
• Scoping
  • Imports
  • Modules
  • Namespaces
  • Shadowing
  • Visibility (export or not)
• Whitespace significant
• String formatting
• Values
  • Definitions

Types

• Booleans
• Characters
• Collections
  • Arrays
  • Lists
  • Maps
  • Queues
  • Sets
  • Stacks
• Algebraic data types
• Numbers (Num & Co.)
  • Floating point numbers
  • Signed integers (Int, Integer)
  • Unsigned integers (Natural)
• Maybe
• Records
• Either
• Strings
• Tuples
• Unit (())